Bird Migration Connects People All Along the Migratory Pathways

               That swirling noise you hear outside is more than the colorful leaves of fall being moved about by the wind.  It’s also the restlessness of migratory birds feeding voraciously as they pack in energy for the next leg of migration toward their non-breeding areas.  Unlike birders, birds can’t grab a handful of granola bars to take with them while they go about their important activities of the day.  The only place they can carry fuel is internally as stored fat.  If you get a chance, go out and check the back corners of your yard or apartment complex grounds to see if you can spot some of these migrants fueling up. 

               My sister who lives in northern Virginia sent me a picture this week of an immature male Rose-breasted Grosbeak that came to her feeder.  To her, it looked like an oddball because it had molted partway towards adult plumage.  None of her field guides showed this transition, and it confused her a bit.  It was just starting to get that rose-colored breast that gives the bird its name.  Its head was still mostly streaky brown and white like a female, and it was just partway through replacing the brown body and flight feathers it had when it fledged from the nest with the black and white feathers of an adult male.  

An immature male Rose-breasted Grosbeak that visited my sister's feeder in northern Virginia in late September 2016.  Photo credit: Tamea Boone.

               I sent her back a picture of a bird I found at my feeders in early September that looked nearly identical to the picture of the bird that visited her.  I told her that it was possible that it was the exact same bird.  The bird I photographed through my scope as it visited my feeder had even fewer adult-like body and flight feathers, but it showed the wash of rose color on its breast.  Bird migration is a special thing that can connect birders, habitats, and communities all along the migratory pathways.

An immature male Rose-breasted Grosbeak visited my feeder in upstate New York in late August 2016.  It is possible that this is the same bird that visited my sister's feeder in Virginia a month later.  Photo credit: Jody Enck.

               If that was indeed the same individual bird, I could see it again soon in its non-breeding area in Central America.  I will be traveling to Honduras from mid-October to mid-November as part of a new effort by the Cayuga Bird Club to establish sister birding clubs in North and Central America.  Many populations of Neotropical migratory birds, our “Birds of Summer” here in North America, are declining.  One of the main causes of these declines is habitat loss in both the breeding areas in North America and the non-breeding grounds in Central and South America. 

               Linking sister birding clubs along the migratory pathways can help us all understand better what is happening to the birds we all love so much.  If you want to support this effort please see my Go Fund Me campaign aimed at raising funds to travel within Honduras to visit as many of the six existing birding clubs as possible. 

This is what adult female Rose-breasted Grosbeaks look like.

All young of this species look a lot like this when they

fledge from the nest.  By early fall, males start transitioning

from this plumage to one that looks a lot more distinctive with the

rose-colored breast, and black and white feathers replacing the

brown on the head, back, wings, and tail.  Photo credit: Audubon.org.

               Also, check out this animated eBird occurrence map that shows the ebb and flow of Rose-breasted Grosbeaks just within the United States during migration.  These birds winter mostly in Central America and very northwestern South America.  In the animation, notice how none of these birds show up in the U.S. until the end of April when their population seems to "explode" up through the Mississippi River valley during spring migration.  Although difficult to tell from this map because it shows only the U.S., Rose-breasted Grosbeaks breed from the northeastern US, up through Canada and across the Boreal Forest to British Columbia.  Watch the animation as the range of these birds contracts back south during fall migration.  Virtually the entire population of these birds is gone from the U.S. by the end of September.   

Adult male Rose-breasted Grosbeak,

showing what the birds my sister

and I saw will become. 

Photo credit: Animalspot.net.

               My sister and I were lucky enough to document the passage of some Grosbeaks as they flew south on their epic migratory journey.  I hope to be lucky enough to see many of these birds when I visit Honduras soon.  Stay tuned!

Saving our "Birds of Summer" by drinking (the right) coffee

OK, so you’ve read my posts about trying to save our “Birds of Summer,” the ones that migrate to Central and South America for the winter, by establishing a network of sister birding clubs in North and Central America.  Some of you have even contributed to my Go Fund Me campaign (www.gofundme.com/2rha68nv) to support my travel within Honduras to meet with birding clubs there.  Many more of you are probably scratching your heads and saying: what can I do personally to help save our “Birds of Summer” if I am not a member of birding club?

One easy answer is to buy shade-grown coffee.  Coffee beans are found on shrubs in the understory of tropical forests.  According to conservationist and author Scott Weidensaul (https://abcbirds.org/northern-climes-to-nicaragua-long-distance-migrants-on-shade-coffee-farms/), coffee trees in Central America were cultivated and tended in the natural, shady, understory of these forests for about 200 years prior to recent conversion millions of acres of neotropical forest to sun-grown coffee plantations.  Traditionally, coffee beans were harvested from these understory trees by small-scale farmers, and the rest of the forest trees provided necessary habitat for a diverse array of animals.  Just in the past few decades, larger-scale commercial ventures started removing the forest to plant coffee trees in full-sun plantations.  Out in the sun, the coffee plants produced a greater quantity of beans compared to shade-grown coffee plants, and they were easier to harvest.  But, the higher quantity has come with a very stiff price.

Hooded Warbler is one species that heavily use shade-grown coffee areas and virtually avoid full-sun coffee plantations.  Photo credit Birdspic.com.

Sun coffee requires many more chemical inputs than shade-grown coffee, including petroleum-based fertilizers, insecticides, and other pest-control efforts.  Shade-grown coffee can, and is, grown commercially in the understory of thinned forests.  Those forests retain a high level of the natural diversity of plants, animals, and insects that occur in unmanaged forest.  For example, shade-grown coffee farms in the state of Chiapas, Mexico have been reported to contain more than 180 species of birds, including more than four-dozen migratory species.  Sun coffee plantations nearby were found to contain only eight species, and generally were shunned by Neotropical migrants. 

Similarly, in Nicaragua, just south of where I’ll be in Honduras, a joint team of researchers from York University in Toronto and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in Pennsylvania surveyed shade-grown coffee producing areas and adjacent, full-sun coffee plantations for birds.  They found more than 130 bird species in the shade-grown areas, including a vast array of Neotropical migrants.  In the full-sun plantations, they found only a handful of bird species.  Clearly, shade-grown cultivation of coffee is necessary to protect birds.

The more diverse array of plants, animals, and insects found in shade-grown coffee operations provide for a more stable and complex food system.  All those birds help to keep coffee pests under control, virtually eliminating the need for pesticides.  Similarly, the natural ecological processes that can continue to occur in shade-grown coffee areas lessens some of the other challenges that occur in sun coffee plantations, like soil erosion and the need for chemical fertilizers. 

Chestnut-sided Warblers use shade-grown coffee areas on their wintering grounds.  Their population has declined 44% between 1966 and 2015, in large part because of habitat loss.  Photo credit: Planetofbirds.com.

In addition, taste tests have repeatedly shown that shade-grown coffee is of higher quality and tastes better than full-sun coffee.  The main reason for this is that it takes longer for the beans to mature and ripen in the shade.  This longer ripening process produces a more complex and robust flavor in the beans compared to the beans that ripen more quickly in the full sun.

Another huge benefit of the shade-grown coffee production is that much of it is produced by cooperatives of small-scale farmers using organic farming methods.  They can tend and harvest this crop without the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.  Maintaining the overstory of forest and the diversity of plants and animals in that forest also is better for soil and water conservation in these areas compared full-sun coffee.  These local communities clearly benefit from shade-grown coffee, too.

I admit it – I am a coffee-drinking fiend.  The good news is that I don’t have to stop drinking coffee.  I just have to make the choice to buy bird-friendly, shade-grown coffee.  You can do this easy act, too, to help protect our “Birds of Summer.”

Finding shade-grown coffee in the U.S.

            When you buy coffee, look for bird-friendly certification by the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center.  One of the few certified sellers of bird-friendly coffee in the U.S. is a company called Birds and Beans.  If you can’t find their product in your local grocery store, you can order it to be delivered right to your door from

http://www.birdsandbeans.com/.

Baltimore Orioles winter in Central America, especially in shade-grown coffee producing areas.  Their population has declined by about a quarter since 1966 because of habitat loss.  Photo credit: Shea1.blogspot.com.

More on Saving the "Birds of Summer" by establishing Sister Birding Clubs

     Yesterday in this blog, I introduced the effort being initiated by the Cayuga Bird Club in Ithaca, NY to establish a network of bird clubs linking the breeding and wintering areas of some of the migratory neotropical birds that have been declining substantially over the last couple of decades.  Today, I want to share some additional plans that have been coming together.  I will keep posting additional updates here, including posts from Honduras when I am there in October and November meeting with some of the birding clubs there.

     Six clubs currently exist in Honduras.  They all were established relatively recently with the help of the Honduras Ornithological Association (ASHO).  These clubs are scattered around Honduras, a country about the size of Virginia. 

A Baltimore Oriole feeding in my backyard in Ithaca, NY in August 2016 (phot credit: Jody Enck).  This oriole could well indeed spend the upcoming winter in Honduras. 

     My main plan is to be in Honduras from mid October until mid November.  First, I will take part in the Lake Yojoa Birding Blitz facilitated by Beaks and Peaks, a wonderful, local eco-tourism company out of Gracias Lempiras, in the west-central region of Honduras.  (Check out their website at Beaks and Peaks).  Here is a quote from the website about the Birding Blitz:

"With your participation in the Lake Yojoa Birding Blitz, you contribute to a deeper scientific knowledge of the avifauna in this hugely biodiverse region and to the promotion of Honduras as a birdwatching and nature destination par excellence. Furthermore, part of the tour price will be donated to the Honduran Ornithology Association (ASHO) and will be used to support local birders and bird watching clubs, to organize training for aspiring bird watching guides and to encourage further data collection by means of bird counts and monitorings in the area and in other parts of the country."

One of the birding clubs in Honduras is located very near Lake Yojoa, and I'll get a chance to meet and bird with them while at the Birding Blitz.



     After taking part in the Lake Yojoa Birding Blitz, I will accompany Oliver Komar, a professor at Zamarano University and a member of the board of ASHO, down south to the capital city of Tegucigalpa.  There I will meet with faculty and students at the University to discuss how local birding clubs can assist with on-the-ground bird conservation efforts.  I'll also have a chance to meet with the birding club based in Tegucigalpa.

     Over the next couple of weeks I plan to travel to western Honduras to meet with a club called Tanunas in the department (state) of Gracias, and to north-central Honduras to meet with a club in Catecamas (Olancho department).  The American Bird Conservancy has a presence in Catecamas through their in-country partner NGO --  the Honduran Research Association for Ecological and Socioeconomic Development (ASIDE). 

     The bird club in Catecamas and ASIDE work on sustainable community development issues, and conservation projects of importance to both neotropical migratory birds as well as resident species, like the Honduran Emerald. 

Photo of the only bird endemic to Honduras.  The Honduran Emerald occurs only in a few spots in Honduras, and nowhere else in the world.  Photo credit: Greg Homel, Natural Elements Productions.

Here is information quoted directly from the American Bird Conservancy website:

The Honduran Emerald

The Honduran Emerald is found only in the small Central American country of Honduras, where it is the country’s only endemic bird species. This, combined with its endangered status, makes it a high priority for us and our local partner ASIDE.

Part of the hummingbird population occurs in remnant tropical dry forest habitat in the Agalta Valley, where most of the habitat suitable for the hummingbird has been cleared for cattle grazing and other agricultural purposes such as fruit production.

     During the last 10 days of my time in Honduras, I will be participating in the Honduras Birding Tour for Conservation http://hondurasbirdtour.com/.  This tour will take me back to Lake Yojoa, to the area around the Copan Ruins (from the Mayan civilization) in western Honduras, and the north coast around Pico Bonito National Park, and finally finishing up back in San Pedro Sula.  I will be participating on a team led by Jeff Gordon, president of the American Birding Association and local Honduran bird guides to raise awareness among the birding community of the potential of Honduras as a birding destination.  This part of my trip will allow me to meet with members of birding clubs in La Ceiba (near Pico Bonito National Park) and in San Pedro Sula.

     Please consider helping to support this effort by making a contribution towards my in-country travel:  www.gofundme.com/2rha68nv.  Stay tuned for more information!

Saving Migratory Birds by Establishing Links Between Sister Birding Clubs in North and Central America

     In another part of my life, I’m the president of the Cayuga Bird Club in Ithaca, NY.  Our club is interested in working with other clubs to establish a network of sister birding clubs at the northern and mid-southern (Central America) ends of the migratory flyway.  Populations of many of our Birds of Summer (many warblers, thrushes, vireos) are declining because of habitat loss on both breeding and wintering grounds.  At the same time, Central American endemics like Lovely Cotinga, Resplendent Quetzal, and Honduran Emerald are declining even faster because of their very specific habitat needs.  While bird conservationists are well aware of these dilemmas, many birders here and in Central America are less aware.

               For example, only about five years ago, the Honduran Ornithological Association (ASHO) started developing birding clubs in about a half-dozen locations throughout the country.  Just like birders here in North America, they enjoy watching birds.  However, they lack many basic resources like binoculars, field guides, access to places to bird, and access to local, Spanish-speaking birding trip leaders.  Further, little incentive exists in countries like Honduras to care about the impacts of habitat loss on birds because so few residents realize the importance of birds for the ecosystem services they provide (how many disease-carrying mosquitoes can a bird eat in a day?) and how they are indicators of how sustainable the local ecosystem is.  In part to bring more awareness to the birding opportunities in Honduras, and in part to raise funds for bird conservation there, the Honduran Tourism Bureau is sponsoring the first-of-its-kind Honduras Birding Tour for Conservation.  I have decided to participate in this event in November 2016. 

               I am going down to Honduras in mid-October to travel to as many of the six existing birding clubs in the country as possible to explore the idea of connecting with us as sister birding clubs.  Likely, this would mean starting out by connecting virtually through print and electronic media, skyping, and sharing pictures and stories.  Ultimately, we would like it to involve visits with our sister clubs.  The possibilities, and the benefits to birds and birders, are constrained only by our imaginations!

               Travel within Honduras to meet with the various clubs will take time and money for transportation, food, and lodging in the birding communities.  To make that part of my trip to Honduras possible, I have started a Go Fund Me campaign https://www.gofundme.com/2rha68nv. Please consider making a donation, and consider sharing this link with your members and other birding friends.